His past medical history was significant for coronary artery disease (CAD) with a stent into the left anterior descending artery (LAD) several months prior, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, paroxysmal atrial fibrillation, sick sinus syndrome, permanent pacemaker, pulmonary embolism, and cerebral vascular accident.
In this report, we describe the case of a 40-year-old African American man who presented with chest pain that did not respond to NTG or isosorbide mononitrate and was only partially relieved by narcotics. Myocardial bridge (MB) is a congenital abnormality where part of a coronary epicardial artery runs under the myocardium fibers and is compressed in systole this becomes more pronounced when nitroglycerin (NTG) is administered. Further, we address the limitations and complexities of discerning the role of KCNJ5 in cardiovascular pathophysiology, as identical human variants of KCNJ5 have been identified in several diseases with overlapping pathophysiology. Here, we explore the relevance of KCNJ5 in each of these diseases. Human variants in KCNJ5 have been identified in familial hyperaldosteronism type III, long QT syndrome, atrial fibrillation, and sinus node dysfunction. Being that GIRK4 is necessary for the functional KACh channel, KCNJ5, which encodes GIRK4, it presents as a therapeutic target for cardiovascular pathology. Within the heart, the KACh channel, consisting of two GIRK1 and two GIRK4 subunits, plays a major role in modulating the parasympathetic nervous system's influence on cardiac physiology. Know how you can contact your healthcare provider if you have questions, especially after office hours or on weekends.Abnormalities in G-protein-gated inwardly rectifying potassium (GIRK) channels have been implicated in diseased states of the cardiovascular system however, the role of GIRK4 (Kir3.4) in cardiac physiology and pathophysiology has yet to be completely understood.
If you have a follow-up appointment, write down the date, time, and purpose for that visit. Know what to expect if you do not take the medicine or have the test or procedure. Know why a test or procedure is recommended and what the results could mean. Also know what the side effects are.Īsk if your condition can be treated in other ways. Know why a new medicine or treatment is prescribed, and how it will help you. Also write down any new instructions your provider gives you. Know the reason for your visit and what you want to happen.īefore your visit, write down questions you want answered.īring someone with you to help you ask questions and remember what your provider tells you.Īt the visit, write down the name of a new diagnosis, and any new medicines, treatments, or tests. Tips to help you get the most from a visit to your healthcare provider: This is done to check for structural heart problems. This is a hospital test that involves threading catheters into your heart through a vein in your groin, and electrically stimulating parts of your heart.Įchocardiogram or ultrasound (sonogram) of your heart. It records the heart rhythm for up to 3 years.Įlectrophysiologic testing.
#DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF SICK SINUS SYNDROME SKIN#
This is a small heart recorder put underneath the skin over the heart. This is a recorder you wear over several days to weeks that samples your heart rate.Īn implantable loop recorder. Some Holter monitors can be worn for several weeks.Īn event recorder. This is a recorder you wear for over 24 hours that takes an ECG. If you don't have symptoms at the time of your ECG, it may look normal.Īn ECG while you walk on a treadmill (stress test).Ī Holter monitor. This is a machine that records your heart's rate and rhythm. To diagnose your condition, your healthcare provider will do an electrocardiogram (ECG). Your healthcare provider may think you have SSS based on your symptoms, but they are common in many other diseases.
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